Psychological interventions to promote self-forgiveness: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Being able to forgive one's own wrongdoings improves the health and well-being of a person. People find it difficult to forgive themselves due to different reasons. It is essential to enhance the ability to accept one's deeds and thereby enhance self-forgiveness. The current systematic review's objective is to comprehend the application and efficiency of numerous interventions that improve self-forgiveness. METHODS: The search was done on electronic databases such as PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, PsycNet, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 399 articles. After the duplicate removal, 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. Two studies were identified through related references. Thus, 21 articles were finalized for review. The study adhered to the PRISMA recommendations for systematic reviews. RESULTS: The 21 finalized articles varied in method, participants, research design, duration, measurement tools used, and observed outcomes. Thirteen of the 21 finalized articles followed interventions specifically designed to promote self-forgiveness. Interventions are seen to be applied at both individual and group levels. CONCLUSION: The review categorizes the interventions into self-directed and group. The self-directed interventions, notably those based on Enright's process model, demonstrate its efficiency in nurturing self-forgiveness. Self-forgiveness interventions are also found to be effective in promoting other positive psychological and clinical variables. Further implications and future research avenues are outlined.

Correlates of post-traumatic growth among persons bereaved from cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recent research identified that cancer bereavement can lead to post-traumatic growth (PTG). Although PTG and its correlates are well explored in cancer patients and survivors, persons bereaved from cancer have received scant attention. Therefore, the present review attempts to identify the correlates of PTG among persons bereaved from cancer. METHODS: A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycNet, Science Direct, Scopus, and Wiley was conducted to identify quantitative studies published in English, resulting in 12 eligible reports being included in the final analysis. JBI critical checklists were employed to appraise the risk of bias. RESULTS: The review identified 17 correlates, which were classified into four categories: demographic factors (age, gender, religious status, level of education), loss-related factors (time since death, quality of death, prolonged grief symptoms), interpersonal factors (relationship to the deceased, social support, attachment style, bereavement behaviours) and intrapersonal factors (resilience, coping, rumination, benevolence, meaningfulness, self-worth). Random effects meta-analyses on six correlates revealed correlation coefficients of age = -0.02 (95% CI: -0.35-0.31), gender = 0.27 (95% CI: 0.08-0.45), time since death = 0.09 (95% CI: -0.02-0.20), quality of death = 0.29 (95% CI: -0.01-0.54), prolonged grief symptoms = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08-0.35) and relationship to the deceased = 0.13 (95% CI: -0.03-0.29). Fixed effects meta-analysis was performed for social support (r = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.21). However, PTG was found to be significantly associated with gender, prolonged grief symptoms, and social support. CONCLUSIONS: Very few studies examined PTG among persons bereaved from cancer, highlighting the need for increased attention, understanding, and conceptualisation of PTG in the population.

Prevalence and determinants of hand hygiene behavior among Indian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite a global call to action, many deaths occur yearly in developing nations from contagious diseases due to poor sanitation and hygiene. Although hand hygiene (HH) behavior was critical in preventing the COVID-19 pandemic, the sustainability of such practices is still questionable. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence and determinants of HH behavior among the Indian population (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42022344961). Systematic searches on electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR, PubMed, and Google Scholar, targeted qualitative and quantitative studies that report HH behaviors in India. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with the inverse-variance method using random-effects models, acknowledging the study heterogeneity. Out of 1053 studies, 15 studies that met eligibility criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis. Among them, five studies were included in the meta-analyses. The overall prevalence of HH before food was 55% (95% CI = 31-78), and after the toilet was 84% (95% CI = 65-96). Subgroup analysis showed that before-food HH prevalence pre- and post-COVID-19 was 61% and 36%, respectively, whereas after-toilet HH prevalence was 91% and 74%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed statistically non-significant results for COVID-19 status. While it could not adequately explain the heterogeneity of the 'before-food prevalence' studies (Adj. R2 = - 34.80%), it did account for more than 19% in 'after-toilet prevalence' (Adj. R2 = 19.72%). This systematic review highlights various demographic, psychosocial, and environmental determinants of HH behavior. The results offer the potential for a deeper comprehension of the key factors influencing HH in India and could find implications for developing viable interventions. This aids in planning efficient promotional campaigns to enhance personal hygiene and control infectious diseases in the nation.

Mindfulness-based interventions for body image dissatisfaction among clinical population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are well-validated interventions to enhance the favourable body image of individuals. Despite their wide application, the efficacy of MBIs in reducing body image dissatisfaction (BID) among various clinical populations remains unclear. This study aims to expand the literature on MBIs for BID and identify effective types of MBIs for reducing BID in diverse clinical populations for future research and practice. METHODS: A systematic search for studies published in English on the effectiveness of MBIs for BID among the clinical population was done on APA PsycNet, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases in August 2023. Of the 1962 articles initially identified, 17 were found eligible and evaluated based on the JBI checklist. RESULTS: Random effects meta-analyses on six MBIs revealed their effectiveness in reducing BID among the clinical population (SMD = -.59 and 95% CI = -1.03 to -.15, p = .009), with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) (SMD = -1.29, 95% CI = -2.06 to -.52, p = .001) and My Changed Body (MyCB) (SMD = -.24, 95% CI = -.46 to -.01, p = .04) reporting significant effect sizes. Among the patients with breast cancer, MyCB (SMD = -.24, 95% CI = -.46 to -.01, p = .04) showed a significant effect size. CONCLUSIONS: MBIs appear to be promising interventions in reducing BID among the clinical population. However, findings should be considered cautiously due to the possible publication bias, high heterogeneity and fewer available studies.

Factors influencing tobacco use behaviour initiation - From the perspective of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation- Behaviour (COM-B) Model.

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases such as ischemic heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide, and are associated with tobacco use. The ultimate goal of health professionals and researchers working to combat smoking's extremely harmful health effects is to prevent smoking initiation. Nearly 5500 new smokers are added each day, for a total of almost 2 million new smokers each year. The COM-B model's primary goal is to determine what needs to be done for a behaviour change to occur. Behaviour modification requires an understanding of the factors that drive behaviour. Aim: The current qualitative study intends to explore the factors affecting tobacco use initiation (TUI) using the COM-B model, given the relevance of investigating the factors affecting TUI and the model. Methods: The present qualitative study has used a directed content analysis approach. Seventeen participants who reported having started any kind of tobacco in the last six months were recruited in the study using a purposive sampling method to understand the factors affecting TUI. The data was collected through interviews, and all of the participants were from the Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka, India (a state which has been reported as having the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking in India). Results: Directed content analysis revealed six categories: psychological capabilities affecting TUI (lack of knowledge about adverse health effects of tobacco, behavioural control, and poor academic performance), physical capabilities affecting TUI (lack of better physical resilience), physical opportunities favouring TUI (tobacco advertisements, easy access of tobacco products, and favourite star smoke on screen), social opportunities favouring TUI (peer influence, tobacco use by parents, tradition of hospitality, tobacco use as a normal behaviour, and toxic masculinity), automatic motivation causal factors of TUI (affect regulation, risk taking behaviours and tobacco use for pleasure) and reflective motivation causal factors of TUI (perceived benefits of tobacco, risk perception, perceived stress, and compensatory health beliefs). Conclusion: Identifying the factors that influence TUI may help to limit or prevent people from smoking their first cigarette. Given the importance of preventing TUI, the findings of this study indicated the factors that influence TUI, which can be valuable in improving behaviour change processes.

A Qualitative Comparative Analysis to explore the predictors of individuals' willingness towards vaccination.

The emergence of COVID-19 traumatized individuals from all walks of life and while the demand for vaccines increased exponentially, the authorities seem to encounter greater challenges on their road to create herd immunity. Governments initiated numerous campaigns to influence individuals to opt for vaccination and India being a diverse country makes it difficult to understand the motivating factors for getting COVID-19 vaccination. The study aimed to explore the predictors of individuals' willingness to get vaccinated using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). After screening using the vaccine hesitancy scale, a semi-structured interview was conducted among 30 respondents from India. Crisp Set QCA was utilized to analyse the data which lead to nine conditions. A solution combination of seven conditions showed a consistency of 1 and coverage of 0.6. They included knowledge about vaccines, perceived severity of the COVID-19 virus, family and peer influence, media and health department's influence, a sense of social responsibility, trust in the authorities and vaccine efficacy. This study contributes to the relevance of QCA's use in psychological research, especially to identify predictors of willingness to immunize. The findings of this study would help in designing appropriate interventions to enhance willingness to get vaccinated.

Applications, benefits and challenges of telehealth in India during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: India, the seventh-largest country in the world and the second-most populated faces enormous challenges when it comes to healthcare. The country's healthcare system was close to collapse due to the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth, which enables treating patients remotely, played a critical role during these challenging times. This systematic review investigates in detail the role of telehealth during COVID-19 and its application beyond the pandemic. METHODS: Database searches on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science were carried out for studies published on telehealth, and articles were included if they focused on any audio or video telehealth consultation during the pandemic in India. Findings were synthesised into three main themes: applications, benefits and challenges of telehealth services. Methodological quality was assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools. RESULTS: The initial search on databases yielded 1143 articles. Of those, 19 met the eligibility criteria. Findings highlight the effective utilisation of telehealth across multiple medical specialities. Although insufficient technological infrastructure and other barriers due to the virtual consultation challenge the successful implementation of telehealth in India, it has the potential to bridge the rural-urban healthcare divide with cost-effective and easily accessible services. CONCLUSION: High patient/provider satisfaction underscores the need to integrate telehealth into routine healthcare practices in the country. However, the review urges the government and healthcare practitioners to address the telehealth challenges with prime importance to ensure quality healthcare throughout the nation even after the pandemic.

Understanding Self-Care Behaviours among Type II Diabetes Patients: A Behaviour Change Models' Perspective.

BACKGROUND: Self-care behaviours among diabetes patients is often hindered because of various psycho-social factors which become obstacles to their better diabetes management and its proper outcome. The current study aims to find out these psycho-social factors that influence the execution of self-care behaviours among Type II diabetes patients from the perspective of various behaviour change models. METHODS: The study adopted a correlational research design. A total of 266 participants above the age group of 18 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were selected using purposive sampling from the Indian state of Karnataka. The data were collected using The Health Belief Questionnaire, Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire (TPBQ), Socio-Ecological Model Questionnaire, and Diabetic Self-Care Activities Revised (SDSCA-R). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression. RESULTS: From the findings, it was observed that the domains of perceived susceptibility, cues to action and subjective norms are positively correlated with self-care behaviours significantly at p<0.05 levels, while the domains of socio-ecological theory, personal, interpersonal, media and policy and community organizations are significantly positively correlated with self-care behaviour at p<0.01 levels. The linear regression of the domains of health belief model, theory of planned behaviour and socio-ecological theory on self-care behaviour showed that the statistically significant final model explained 14.9% (R2 =.149), F (3,262) =15.337, p< 0.000. The significant predictors are community at p<0.000 level, self-efficacy and perceived severity at p<0.05 levels. CONCLUSION: The study results ascertain the necessity of a psychosocial approach or the sociocognitive perspective to understand the factors that actually enable a diabetes patient to engage in more self-care behaviours. In the Indian scenario, where health literacy is very minimum, the findings of the study can be used to implement better strategies for diabetes management both at the level of medical/mental health professionals and at the level of media and policy.

What Contributes to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy? A Systematic Review of the Psychological Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy.

Vaccine hesitancy plays a crucial role in worldwide pandemic-control efforts. The multifaceted nature of vaccine hesitancy entails many psychological factors that are widely discussed in the literature, although few studies specifically compile these factors. Thus, this systematic review aims to synthesize the psychological factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. As per the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, PsycNET, and Web of Science, and a manual search was conducted on Google Scholar. Out of the 2289 articles obtained, 79 studies that met the inclusion criteria were deemed eligible for the review. The findings highlight appraisals of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine safety and side effects, vaccine confidence/trust, trust in government and healthcare professionals, scepticism around vaccine production, conspiracy beliefs, emotions, and information and knowledge about the vaccine as the major psychological factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. Concerningly, misinformation on COVID-19 vaccination spread through social media platforms, increasing vaccine hesitancy. Recommendations for government authorities, healthcare professionals, and implications for future research are also outlined.

Prevalence of mental health problems among rural adolescents in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adolescent mental health problems have been recognised as a major issue in low-income countries including India. Through a meta-analytic approach, the present review delineate the overall prevalence of each of the most discussed mental health problems among rural adolescents in India, comprising depression, anxiety disorders, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety disorder, suicidality, hyperactivity, emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems. The review also presents the potential determinants of such mental health problems. Using PRISMA guidelines, a total of thirty-five studies were finalized from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, JSTOR, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. From the findings, it is observed that male and female adolescents does not differ significantly in the prevalence of most mental health problems. However, social anxiety was found to be more prevalent among females when compared to males. In meta-regression, factors like tools used (screening tools vs diagnostic interviews), sample size, setting (school-based vs community-based), sampling technique and year of publication were found to influence the prevalence rates of certain mental health problems, reported in the studies. Major determinants influencing the prevalence of mental health problems in rural adolescents were age, socio-economic status, academic and family environment. Individual factors such as social media usage, physical activity, and substance use also contribute to mental health problems. As India accounts for one-fifth of the world's adolescent population, the findings of this review can have global implications.

Effect of Carnatic raga-Bilahari based music therapy on anxiety, sleep disturbances and somatic symptoms among caregivers of cancer patients.

Carnatic raga-Bilahari based intervention is a music therapy technique that enhances relaxation and positivity by reducing anxiety. With extensive empirical evidence pointing out the detrimental challenges faced by the caregivers of cancer patients, the present study intends to find out the effectiveness of a Carnatic raga based music therapy on reducing anxiety, sleep disturbances, somatic symptoms and distress level among this population A single group pre-post research design was was used to conduct the study. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used as a screening tool to select participants, and 30 participants were chosen using the purposive sampling. These individuals received instruction in listening to Carnatic music (raga-Bilahari), 5 days a week. The vocal and instrumental recordings were given on alternative days with each session lasting 15-30 min over a month of standard care. From the findings it is observed that there is significant decrease in the anxiety (p < 0.001), sleep disturbances (p < 0.001), somatic symptoms (p < 0.001) and distress level (p < 0.001) after the intervention.The study result thus indicates that Carnatic raga-Bilahari-based music intervention is effective among caregivers of cancer patients to reduce anxiety, sleep disturbances, somatic symptoms presentation, and their distress level.

Cognitive style and working memory among adolescents with specific learning disability.

BACKGROUND: In a world where education directly influences the quality of life of an individual, educational handicaps are a grave issue that plagues the lives of those affected. The current study aims to find out whether there is a difference in the cognitive style and working memory capacity among adolescents with specific learning disability (SLD) in comparison to their age-matched equivalent group without SLD. The study also targets to find out if there exists any relationship between cognitive style and working memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of sixty participants were selected (thirty adolescents with learning disability and thirty age-matched adolescents without learning disability) from Bangalore district of Karnataka and Thrissur district of Kerala using purposive sampling method. The tools used were the Indian adaptation of Embedded Figures Test by Nigam (1997) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition by Wechsler (2003). RESULTS: The results showed that there exists a significant difference in cognitive style dimensions of field dependence and independence between adolescents with learning disability (M = 11.6, standard deviation [SD] = 6.52) and adolescents without learning disability (M = 25.2, SD = 7.33) as well as in the working memory capacity between adolescents with learning disability (M = 66.7, SD = 19.26) and adolescents without learning disability (M = 102, SD = 14.93) groups under study (p < 0.01). The results also indicate that there exists no significant relationship between cognitive style and working memory. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with SLD was found to be field dependent and has low working memory capacity than adolescents without learning disability. The results reflect the need for developing cognitive interventions to enhance working memory capacity and cognitive style for helping adolescents with learning disability in all areas of their functioning, such that the society benefits as a whole.

Exploring the End-of-Life Experiences of Advanced Cancer Patients from India.

Objective: Paying attention to the socio-cultural characteristics of advanced cancer patients as they pass through the final stages of life can help healthcare professionals and mental health professionals assess the end-of-life experiences of terminally ill patients better. A comprehensive study of this population in the Indian context is helpful to devise individualized end-of-life care that aligns with their preferences and focuses on their comfort. Method: The dataset comprised information-rich cases of 10 advanced cancer patients from Bangalore, India, selected using the purposive sampling method. The semi-structured interviews with the participants were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated. Identification of patterns and commonalities in the dataset helped generate codes. The codes were used to narrow down to overarching themes. Results: The standout themes were outlook on life, unfulfilled goals, end-of-life expectations, and death anxieties and attitudes to impending death. Significance of Results: The study highlights the psychosocial and cultural needs of the patients in end-of-life care. How advanced cancer patients long for psychological care from mental health professionals and empathy from their loved ones. This study argues for renewed attention on the socio-cultural characteristics of terminally ill patients to enhance individualized care through culturally-competent interventions.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: An exploration of unmarried women's knowledge and attitudes.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and a chief cause of subfertility attributed to ovulation. Besides, lack of knowledge about PCOS, its treatment, and lifestyle changes influence the prognosis. The present qualitative inquiry investigates the knowledge and attitudes of unmarried women towards the syndrome, associated treatment, and necessary lifestyle changes in the fight against the same. A total of 15 participants with PCOS were selected using purposive sampling (n from southern parts of India viz. Kerala and Tamil Nadu states. The telephonic interviews were conducted in late November and early December 2020. He conventional content analysis emerged with six major themes. The themes capsulated women's knowledge, causes, complications and risk factors, treatment of PCOS their perceived importance of health promotive behaviours such as physical activity, sleep patterns, and perceived support from society. The importance of diet, exercise and a healthy lifestyle were additional relevant factors stressed by the respondents. Although the medicines helped participants attain regular menstrual cycles, they also had side effects reported in the discussion. Few respondents reported that they lacked the necessary awareness of PCOS when diagnosed at a younger age. The study enhances the understanding of PCOS from a qualitative approach that has cultural relevance apart from pertinent clinical and lifestyle implications.

The psychological impact of quarantine due to COVID-19: A systematic review of risk, protective factors and interventions using socio-ecological model framework.

Background: Though quarantine is a pertinent control measure for the spread of COVID-19, it is equally important to consider its negative impacts, as it causes severe psychological, emotional, and financial problems not only for those who are quarantined but also for many others who are directly or indirectly connected to those who are quarantined. There appears to be a need to synthesise the available literature evidence on the psychological impact of quarantine experience, especially the multilevel risk factors that make individuals vulnerable to psychological impact and the protective factors to deal with the negative effects of quarantine. Objective: This systematic review attempted to identify the various psychological impacts associated with the experience of quarantine, the risk and protective factors and list out various psycho-social interventions that can minimise the risks and facilitate the protective factors associated with the experience of quarantine. Methods: A systematic search adhering to the PRISMA guidelines was performed in four databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNet, Web of Science and 10518 articles related to COVID-19 and quarantine were obtained. After screening processes and quality assessment using standard checklist 74 articles that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were chosen for the final review. Findings: Individuals subjected to quarantine had anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, sleep problems, and somatic difficulties. Some of the key risk factors during quarantine are young age, female gender, low money, fear of infection, poor sleep quality, reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviours, and a lack of social support. Financial difficulties and stigma remained risk factors even after the quarantine period had ended. Key protective factors were coping skills, home based exercise, leisure, recreational activities, maintaining relationships using social media and availability of mental health services. The findings also highlight the necessity for tele mental health interventions to address the psychological effects of quarantine. Conclusion: Multilevel interventions are required to minimise the impact of risk factors and enhance protective factors.

Emotional Self-Care: Exploring the Influencing Factors Among Individuals With Cancer.

Cancer is a leading source of distress and fatality worldwide. Cancer-related aberrant cell proliferation causes excruciating pain and impairment. To cope with pain and manage symptoms and illness, pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological options are available. Self-care behaviors are recognized as a key source in symptom management and improving quality adherence to treatment among the current non-pharmacological strategies. The intervention measures to improve self-care were hardly impacted because of the narrow focus on physical self-care. Bringing in emotional self-care and addressing the individual's emotional health can enhance the effectiveness of interventions on a holistic level. Hence, this study has attempted to explore the factors that influence emotional self-care among individuals with cancer. Following an exploratory research design, the data were collected from 15 participants (4 men and 11 women) using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews. Through thematic analysis, eight major themes were identified: physiological factors, social factors, family factors, psychological factors, individual factors, socioeconomic factors, cultural factors, and spiritual factors. The findings explained the emotional self-care among patients with cancer and how different identified factors influence their emotional self-care practices.

Using the integrative model of behavioural prediction to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy behaviour.

The officials realized that the vaccination drive alone would not be  sufficient, but the individual's response towards getting vaccinated needs to be assessed and addressed, especially in India, where the diverse culture could widely affect the population's vaccination behaviour. The study aimed to identify the predictors of vaccine hesitancy behaviour using the health belief model and theory of planned behaviour and understand mediating and moderating influence of knowledge and social support on the relationship between the predictors and vaccine hesitancy behaviours among the Indian population. Data was collected from 1006 samples. Regression analysis was performed to assess the variances exerted on vaccine hesitancy behaviours. Also, SEM AMOS was employed to examine the mediation and moderation effects of knowledge about vaccines and social support. The findings indicated that around 11% of the respondents were hesitant to get vaccinated. The combined models of HBM and TPB provide high predictive power. The analysis also revealed that knowledge about vaccine significantly mediates partially between a few constructs of HBM and TPB concerning hesitancy. This study provides the theoretical framework and suggests that the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour model could explain the psychological influences of vaccine hesitancy in India.

Determinants of quality of life in individuals with chronic low back pain: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prominent medical condition that can affect an individual at some point in their life time which could lead to poor quality of life (QOL). Low back pain has affected approximately 577 million individuals globally by 2017. The aim of the current systematic review is to synthesise the existing evidence on the factors influencing the QOL in individuals with CLBP and to identify strategies to improve their QOL. METHOD: PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsychNet and Google Scholar were used to extract studies reporting quantitative relationships between QOL and its possible determinants in individuals having CLBP and the intervention strategies to improve QOL. RESULTS: 10,851 studies were initially identified and twenty-six studies which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the review. 21 studies reported relationship between QOL and potential determinants and five studies assessed the influence of interventions on QOL. Determinants were classified as kinesiophobia, fear avoidance belief, or pain belief; occupation-related factors; pain and disability; activity; personal factors including age, gender, employment status; and other psychological factors including anxiety, quality of sleep, and health locus of control. Intervention strategies including MBSR, Pilates method and Back School Programme improved QOL in individuals with CLBP. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors as well as the physical status of the individual contributed to the QOL in individuals having CLBP.

Prevalence of violent communication within Indian organisations- A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Considering the normalisation of moderate aggression within organisations and the concern of violent occurrences being under-reported in India, violence reflected through coercive language appears to be more frequent than explicit acts of organisational violence. Aim: To bring-forth consolidated evidence on the prevalence of violent communication within Indian organisations. Method: 1433 articles obtained from four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google scholar), complemented by 4 records identified through manual searching, were screened according to the PRISMA guidelines. Thirty-four finalised cross-sectional studies (published since 2000) reporting significant findings on the prevalence of violent communication within Indian organisations, underwent a systematic review (by narrative synthesis) and meta-analysis (using the random-effects model in STATA version 17). Results: The pooled prevalence of any type of violent communication was 41%. The prevalence of violent communication was higher among males than females (44% vs 28%). Verbal violence was more prevalent than non-verbal violence (36% vs 20%). Subgroup analysis proved prevalence estimate to remain consistent irrespective of the organisational sector, type of organisation, sample size and publication year. However, meta-regression analysis confirmed the sampling method and type of violent communication as potential variables influencing the prevalence rates reported across the studies. All the identified factors influencing the occurrence of violent communication and the corresponding detrimental consequences faced by victims within each organisational sector, endeavour scope for the development of more context-specific prevention strategies. Conclusion: As evident from the results, the prevalence of any type of violent communication within Indian organisations is quite high. The present review informs Indian entrepreneurs about the necessity for advocating practices to protect their human resources from the experience of violent communication. Practical implications have been presented for healthcare and educational organisations.

Factors influencing self-care behavior of socio-economically disadvantaged diabetic patients: A systematic review.

Diabetes mellitus and its complications carry broad financial misfortune to the diabetic patients and their family, to the well-being frameworks, and to the public economies through direct clinical expenses and decreased work efficiency. The present study systematically reviewed the possible factors that are influencing self-care behavior of disadvantaged diabetic patients that contribute heavily to the management of this chronic illness. Structured searches were conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and manual searches on Google Scholar for articles published between the years 2000 and 2020. The review was limited to a particular time frame due to the change in WHO criteria for diagnosis and classification of abnormal glucose tolerance. Initially, 96858 articles were identified, and following the screening and full-text reading, 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria were chosen for systematic review. Seven studies had reported the factors influencing self-care behavior among disadvantaged diabetic population. Three studies had reported the importance of intervention strategies and its impact on self-care behavior among them. Findings show that self-care management of socio-economically disadvantaged people entails dimensions including diabetes knowledge, lack of physical activities, social support, lack of access to services, life disruptions, denial of illness, societal attitudes, responsibilities, and treatment costs. It was additionally discovered that diabetes self-management support mediations are successful in drawing in lower economy patients, tending to contending life needs and hindrances to self-care, and encouraging behavior change. Taken together, future methodologically efficacious studies that establish health promoting behaviors and explorations of the factors influencing self-care behaviors of disadvantaged diabetic patients are needed.